![]() Before the accident, it was said that Gage was a well-mannered, soft-spoken man, but he began to behave in odd and inappropriate ways after the accident. ![]() Many of his friends described him as no longer being himself. But in the months following his accident, people noticed that his personality had changed. ![]() Although lying in a pool of his blood with brain matter emerging from his head, Gage was conscious and able to get up, walk, and speak. Unfortunately, the iron rod created a spark and caused the rod to explode out of the blasting hole, into Gage’s face, and through his skull (Figure 3). He and his crew were using an iron rod to tamp explosives down into a blasting hole to remove rock along the railway’s path. On September 13, 1848, Gage (age 25) was working as a railroad foreman in Vermont. Probably the most famous case of frontal lobe damage is that of a man by the name of Phineas Gage. ![]() (credit a: modification of work by Jack and Beverly Wilgus The rod entered Gage’s face on the left side, passed behind his eye, and exited through the top of his skull, before landing about 80 feet away. (b) Gage’s prefrontal cortex was severely damaged in the left hemisphere. (a) Phineas Gage holds the iron rod that penetrated his skull in an 1848 railroad construction accident. Recovery and rehabilitation after intracerebral hemorrhage. Decompressive hemicraniectomy for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Takeuchi S, Wada K, Nagatani K, Otani N, Mori K. Seven patients diagnosed as intracranial hemorrhage combined with intracranial tumor: Case description and literature review. Zeng C, Tang S, Jiang Y, Xiong X, Zhou S. Diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: evolution of the Boston Criteria. Hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral infarction: currrent concepts and challenges. CSF volumetric analysis for quantification of cerebral edema after hemispheric infarction. Diagnosis and management of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features of intracerebral hemorrhage: an update. Acute intracerebral haemorrhage: diagnosis and management. McGurgan IJ, Ziai WC, Werring DJ, Salman RAS, Parry-Jones AR. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: This is the build-up of proteins within the walls of arteries in the brain that can cause them to weaken, leak, and rupture. ![]() Arteriovenous malformation: These are defects in the connection between arteries and veins that cause them to weaken, leak, and sometimes burst.Brain tumor: Cancerous and non-cancerous tumors can cause bleeding by placing pressure on adjacent blood vessels as they grow, gradually weakening them and causing them to burst.The ensuing pressure can sometimes cause the vessel to burst, causing bleeding referred to as hemorrhagic conversion. Hemorrhagic conversion: An ischemic stroke is a type of stroke caused by the obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain.Even heavy lifting or straining can cause pressure within the brain to rise enough to trigger an eruption. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the most common cause of a rupture. Ruptured aneurysm: An aneurysm is the bulging of an artery that can cause it to burst.Head trauma: A head injury caused by a fall, vehicle accident, or any other blow to the head usually causes bleeding between the skull and surrounding membranes, resulting in an extradural, subdural, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. ![]()
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